منابع مشابه
On Ignorance and Contradiction
A critical view of the alleged significance of Belnap four-valued logic for reasoning under inconsistent and incomplete information is provided. The difficulty lies in the confusion between truth-values and information states, when reasoning about Boolean propositions. So our critique is along the lines of previous debates on the relevance of many-valued logics and especially of the extension o...
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In most existing systems that give expert advice, efforts are made to ensure that the rules in the knowledge base do not give rise to contradictions. This is partly to avoid confusing the user, and partly for fear that a logical system that generates even a single contradiction must collapse. We argue that not only can contradictions be tolerated, but they can even be useful. In a legal context...
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It was in 1911 that Łukasiewicz and Leśniewski met. Leśniewski himself reported that at that time he had read Łukasiewicz’s masterpiece On the Principle of Contradiction in Aristotle (1910), and, as Lejewski knew from Łukasiewicz, he said he had come to criticize the author. In the same year Leśniewski wrote “An Attempt at a Proof of the Principle of Contradiction”, which was published in 1912 ...
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Ever since Hayek’s 1937 classic, “Economics and Knowledge,” Austrians and other sympathetic writers have rightly emphasized study of the coordination properties of an economic system. To this end, they have claimed a distinction between the Hayekian focus on coordination and the neoclassical focus on equilibrium and efficiency. Although genuine and important, this distinction has yet to be sati...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Lab Animal
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0093-7355,1548-4475
DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0194-5